Heat (also called infrared, or thermal, energy) and light are both parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, but a camera that can detect visible light won’t see thermal energy, and vice versa. Thermal cameras detect more than just heat though; they detect tiny differences in heat – as small as 0.01°C – and display them as shades of grey or with different colors. The Heat Signature Detector is a scanner used by S.H.I.E.L.D. Agents to identify and isolate potential threats using the distinct heat signature emitted by some bodies. History Agent Melinda May used this device to locate the heat emitted by Chan Ho Yin during the raid on one of the Centipede Project 's laboratory in Hong Kong.
It is a given that not all shooters are actively looking to purchase one of the best thermal imaging rifle scopes out there. However, those that are should read on. We intend to delve very deeply into all things “thermal imaging” in relation to rifle scopes.However, even those shooters who are not yet ready to invest a chunk of money in a thermal imaging scope should bear with us.Why? Because forewarned is forearmed. High-quality thermal imaging rifle scopes have a lot more to offer than many shooters may think.We are in for a long, but hopefully interesting and informative ‘ride’ in this comprehensive review. With this in mind, let’s start with 13 of the best thermal imaging rifle scopes currently available.From there, we will progress through a variety of relevant sections to give an extensive insight into thermal imaging scopes.
1 ATN X-Sight 4K Pro Smart Day/Night Rifle Scope – Ultra HD 4K TechnologyWe start with one of several offerings from ATN (American Technologies Network Corp.). ATN are, without a doubt, one of the top manufacturers of high-quality thermal spotting scope equipment.Seamless blending of technologyThe ATN X-Sight 4K Pro is a Smart Day/Night Rifle scope. The company class this as their latest breakthrough in thermal scope design.This scope blends the latest technology with the more traditional scope format. Meaning you get the best from both worlds.Top-notch image qualityThis high-quality thermal spotting scope is Dual Core processor powered and comes with a low light 4K sensor that offers unbeatable image performance. You then couple this with the very latest ATN ‘Smart’ features.The result?
Cutting edge technology is seen in the fact that the Ultra HD sensor combines with ATNs Obsidian 4 Dual Core Processor to give:. Higher resolution.
Faster optics. Millions of vivid colors.Increased ballistic benefitsThe X-Sight 4k PRO thermal vision scope incorporates a ballistic calculator. This allows shooters to accurately home in on their chosen target. It is also packed with features that allow easy adjustment of such things as:. Range.
Wind. Multiple-Weapon Profiles. Angle to target. Temperature.
Humidity.These features and more give exact ballistic advantage. They also increase the chances of a shooter, making those long-range shots each and every time.Video recording with choiceYou have the ability to stream HD resolution video to a mobile device at 1080p resolution recording/720p streaming. But, this thermal spotting scope goes even further. It also allows simultaneous recording to the included 64GB SD card.Then there is the included Recoil Activated Video (RAV) feature. This allows you to concentrate on your target without worrying about activating recording. The scope automatically begins to record both before and after your shot is taken.Hunting progress will not be hindered by darkness or timeShooting at night or in wooded areas with a canopy that restricts daylight offers an exhilarating experience.
To get the most from this activity, you need to look at thermal imaging hunting scopes that offer night vision clarity.The X-Sight 4K PRO certainly offers this through its Enhanced HD Night Vision Mode. The clarity of targets in darkness means you will quickly spot your prey.It will also last in the field as long as you do. The batteries give 18+ hours of continuous operation. Not the best designed memory card slot. The feature for longer-distance sighting could be better. IR Illuminator upgrade required for improved night vision. Faults with app software usability/reliability.
Poor customer service.2 ATN ThOR 4, 384×288, Thermal Rifle ScopeOur next two thermal scope reviews will also concentrate on ATN products. As leaders in this sector, their quality thermal imaging rifle scopes certainly deserve coverage.Fits neatly to rifles of almost any ageIf your favorite hunting rifle is an older model design, the size and bulk of thermal imaging hunting scopes can be a challenge to mount. But not with the ATN ThOR 4 384×288.
This thermal spotting scope acknowledges the classic design rifle scope. It mounts easily with standard rings meaning it is compatible with rifles of an older design.Moderate resolution after dark, but do you need more?It should be said that the resolution of this thermal spotting scope is moderate when compared with higher-end scopes. The sensor only gives 384×288, meaning you will not reach extreme ranges of vision with it.However, the fact is, most night/dark condition shots are carried out within 200 yards. This being the case, the ThOR 4 384×288 will function perfectly. Within this range, it will pick up everything in the pallet you choose.Video recording and exportAs mentioned in the first of our thermal scope reviews, all ATN scopes of this design allow you to record and export video using a smartphone app.It also automates recording before and after you take your shot.
Along with other ballistic features, this function allows full concentration. You will feel comfortable acquiring, homing in, and shooting at your chosen target without equipment distraction.Value for qualityInvesting in a quality thermal vision scope is not a decision that should be taken lightly. The ThOR 4 has to be right up there when considering the quality and features received for the price and certainly sits in our best thermal scope for the money category. Complaints of set-up/operation out of the box. Limited vision distance. Calibration adjustments are often needed when powering up.3 ATN Thor 4, 640×480, Thermal Rifle ScopeOur last thermal spotting scope from the ATN range moves up a step in power. This one is the ATN Thor 4 640×480, which offers a magnification of 4x-40x.‘Smart’ features are yoursATN class this in their ‘next’ generation thermal vision category.
It is powered by their Obsidian IV Dual core sensors and gives:. Higher thermal sensitivity. Improved contrasts. Near silent shutter action. Improved resolution.Not only is it easy to use with a fast learning curve for each function, but it also comes with all other ATN Smart scope features.The ‘feel’ of a traditional optic with pure power under the hoodThe ThOR 4 640X480 has the look and feel of a more traditional optic. This will please those who are familiar with standard optics. You get standard mounting rings as well as long eye-relief. ATN state this is a thermal imaging hunting scope you can rely on.
Whether hunting day or night, thermal signatures of hidden targets come into fast view.Ultra-sensitive sensorWith the ultra-sensitive Gen 4 sensor, all shooters have the capability of capturing crisp, clear images thanks to the high-quality 1280×720 HD Display. This feature applies to extended distances with higher sensitivity and gradations that remain smooth even in total darkness.Many thermal scope reviews claim this to be a stand-out choice when it comes to thermal imaging hunting scopes. It gives a wide choice of selectable reticles. The excellent pallet choice also works to provide the best color scheme for the environment you are hunting in.In terms of weather conditions, this robust scope is more than up to it. You will easily spot any living thing. Examples are hunting in heavy rain or dense fog, and this scope will still perform when you need to perform.
No QD mount feature. Software for app regularly crashes. SD card slot badly aligned.4 Pulsar ThermionPulsar Thermion XM Thermal RiflescopePulsar may be a more recent entrant in the quality thermal imaging rifle scopes arena, but they are being exceptionally well received. Their high-quality thermal imaging hunting scopes are receiving close attention and accolades, and the Thermion XM riflescope shows why.Anything but a run-of-the-mill scopeThis quality thermal vision scope is similar in looks to a traditional-style scope. It has a 30mm tube and a magnesium-alloy, all metal optic housing.From there, similarities end. Internal SD Card only 16GB.
No detailed instructions (there is a quick-start guide).5 FLIR Scout TK Handheld Thermal Imager – Best value Thermal Imaging ScopeThe FLIR Scout TK is a handheld thermal imaging scope with the ability to spot heat signatures in total darkness.Good for home and personal security purposesAnyone looking at infrared rifle scopes for home and personal security purposes should find this lightweight scope advantageous. It only weighs 6 ounces (170 grams), can be carried anywhere, and will allow sightings of up to 100 yards. In terms of usage time, there is a rechargeable Li-ion battery that gives five hours of use.Ease of operationUse of this pocket-sized thermal vision monocular is very straightforward. It also offers still images as well as video recording.
Handheld. Limited distance sighting.6 Trijicon Teo Reap-IR Mini Therma Teo IRMS-35Competition for the top spots in the best quality thermal imaging rifle scopes category is tight, but Trijicon have done more than thrown their cap into this ring.Military SpecificationThis Trijicon Teo Reap-IR Mini thermal vision scope is one of a few of its kind. It is mil-spec. And as would be expected, it is ready to use in whatever environment you find yourself in.Resolution & ZoomWith a resolution of 640 x 480 and a zoom from 2.5 x – 20x, this is certainly a versatile piece of kit. Whether used at short range CQB (Close Quarter Battle) or long-range hog shooting, you will easily sight and hit your target.No color confusion to worry aboutLess is sometimes more!Some shooters may prefer a variety of extreme color modes.
However, those who want to concentrate on the job in hand will appreciate that this is one of the infrared rifle scopes where color choice is purposely limited.Your options are White or Black Hot, but viewing-wise there is an added bonus. If you prefer, you can go for the outline mode.
This highlights targets without affecting your night vision.A specifically designed infrared scope for AR15 useWhile the Reap-IR will function on any rifle, it was designed specifically with AR15 rifles in mind. It is small, lightweight, yet powerful. Those shooters who purchase it can be sure they are buying into a supremely durable thermal spotting scope.The Reap-IR functions effectively in any environment, be that urban street use, harsh desert conditions, or any kind of hunting exercise you choose.An integrated rangefinderExtras were never the intention of this design. Its prime function is thermal spotting, and this is achieved in a highly effective manner. However, an extra that is worthy of mention is the integrated rangefinder. This couples with a readout that allows you to see the exact reticle direction. You are also able to change sight appearance.All functions afford ease of control thanks to the single thumbstick feature. Significant investment required.
Black and White display only (this will be a ‘pro’ for some). Costly proprietary cable required for downloading.7 Pulsar Trail XQ Thermal RiflescopeThis is the second of our thermal scope reviews from Pulsar. New kid on the block or not, they are certainly making waves in the thermal spotting scope sector.Pulsar’s first ever thermal scope will surprise manyThere are a variety of models to choose from in this range. The one we are reviewing is the Pulsar Trail XQ38. Offering high resolution from the 640 x 480 AMOLED display, the features continue to sight in on a thermal spotting scope that will please many.You are getting variable 1.2 x 9.6 x 32 magnification. Sensors come with 17 µm pixel pitch and a 50Hz frame rate. This gives a wide field-of-view and ensures rapid target acquisition with close-up images for exact shot placement. In terms of range, the sensor allows human-size heat detection up to a highly commendable range of 1,475 yards.A choice of 13 reticles featuring a 1-shot zero are available along with three profiles.
The benefit here is that you can mix/match between rifles.Any rifle you own with less than a magnum round will be handled when using Pulsar’s Trail XQ riflescope.Robust and comes with a long run timeThis is another of the infrared rifle scopes that has an IPX7 waterproof rating. Built to a very robust standard, you will also use unhindered in a variety of weather conditions, and run time is acceptable for most users. And eight hours of continuous running places it amongst the best thermal optics on the market.Smart control is yoursYou can stream your activity to a smartphone or device or take advantage of the included remote control.
There is also detection software that will help you find targets regardless of how dense the cover is. Sub-standard instruction manual.8 Armasight by FLIR Zeus 640 3-24x75mm Thermal Imaging Rifle ScopeThe Armasight offering by FLIR is their latest release in their Zeus Thermal Imaging Weapon Sights range. The company also class it as their most technologically advanced to date.What’s with the company name?FLIR stands for “Forward Looking Infrared.” FLIR Systems cannot be accused of looking backwards when it comes to being a major player in the thermal spotting scope arena. They purchased Armasight Inc. For around $41 Million in 2016. This technological combination is now producing some of the best thermal imaging equipment available.Multi-functional use is yoursThis quality thermal spotting scope has been designed based around the latest FLIR Tau 2 VOx microbolometer core.
While that description may be a bit of a mouthful, it really does mean you are buying into a scope that is technologically advanced and can be used for a variety of purposes.Its primary design is as a weapon scope. In this sense, it can be classed as a very good infrared scope for AR15 and other rifle use. But, it functions equally as well when used as a magnified thermal spotting scope or as a handheld thermal imager.Ease of use is yoursThe Zeuss thermal vision scope models are seen as being the smallest and lightest in their class.
Use is enhanced through simple and intuitive controls with layered functions and features.Weapon installation is quick, easy, repeatable, and reliable. This is thanks to their unique, user-friendly MIL-STD-1913/Weaver/Picatinny rail compatibility, which includes a quick-release locking mechanism.Selectable color and reticle optionsYou will have the advantage of menu selectable, temperature sensitive settings that allow for very fast target detection. There are a variety of color display presentations and a 6-pattern reticle, which includes a ‘no reticle option.’It goes without saying that this high-quality thermal spotting scope has video out recording functionality. And, should you need map or rangefinder functionality this is provided through the video-in imagery feature. Eye relief may be too short for some.9 Pulsar Helion Thermal MonocularThe Pulsar Helion thermal monocular is another multi-purpose scope that has seen field-testing by law enforcement departments.Multiple useThis thermal vision scope has a resolution of 384 x 288 and 17um pixel pitch core.
It offers 4x digital zoom: Continuous zoom, 2x, 4x, and stepped zoom. There is a picture-in-picture digital zoom feature and the Stream Vision app allows connection to a smart device,Detection distance is up to 1,475 yards, and you have the ability to use multiple color viewing modes. Whether you are using this for hunting, scouting, law enforcement, or rescue, this thermal spotting scope has flexibility in use.Effective rangefinderThe Pulsar Helion XQ38F model has a very effective stadiametric rangefinding reticle. It bases estimated heights of your target and enables you to determine precise distances rapidly.Don’t worry about the temperature outsideWith its frost-resistant AMOLED display, you will find the image viewed remains the same regardless of temperature (down to -25 deg. C).As with other thermal scopes reviewed, the Pulsar Helion XQ38F model is IPX7 rated in terms of giving functional water, dust, and fog proof performance. Zoom features sub-standard. Poor instruction manual.11 TheOpticGuru Thor LT Thermal ScopeThe OpticGuru Thor LT Thermal Scope is another that needs placing in the best thermal scope for the money category.Detection and Identification distancesThis thermal spotting scope has a 3-6x magnification and advanced heat detection sensors. When used, you will see through complete darkness, dense fog, smoke, and heavy brush.Detection and ID distances are shorter than our other thermal scope reviews; however, you still get detection up to 400 yards and ID up to 150 yards.Long battery life is yoursDesign style is similar to a traditional scope.
It comes with a 30mm tube made from aluminum alloy, yet it is lighter than an average scope. Coming in at 2.2 lbs, those on long night hunting expeditions will find it more than acceptable weight-wise. It is also recoil resistant for heavier caliber weapons.For the price, the battery life has to be seen as a plus. This thermal spotting scope has an internal Li-Ion battery that gives in excess of 10 hours use.One thing to be aware ofThe OpticGuru Thor LT Thermal Scope does not come with scope rings. This means shooters who need to attach it to a weapon should also purchase a quick detach mount for 30mm scopes. No scope mount.
Limited long-range capability. No record function.12 FLIR R-Series RS64 1.1-9X RiflescopeThe penultimate choice in our thermal scope reviews moves up several notches in quality and price. The FLIR R-Series RS64 is a thermal spotting scope to be reckoned with.Features to pleaseIt comes with a 640 x 480 display resolution, and the model from the FLIR-R-series we are reviewing offers 1.1-9x magnification.
Only four hours of internal battery use (does have a USB charger).13 Pulsar Core RXQ30V 1.6-6.4×22 Thermal RiflescopeThe last of our thermal scope reviews is another from Pulsar. The company intentionally focuses its optic designs to target civilian firearm enthusiasts. This means you can be assured they keep their finger on the pulse in terms of what shooters want when it comes to equipment design and user features.Heat signatures in a green sapphire tintThis quality thermal imaging riflescope/monocular produces heat signatures in a green sapphire tint.
It is claimed that this color display is easier on the eye. This being the case, it allows for longer scanning of terrain and lengthy target surveillance with less eye fatigue.You also get a quality 384 x 288 core with a fast 50Hz refresh rate that delivers thermal images to a 640 x 480 AMOLED display.In addition, you will benefit from defective pixel repair technology and waterproof rating to IPX7.Variable magnification and temperature resilientThis thermal spotting scope has three operation modes allowing you to ensure the best ‘picture’ of your environment is captured. They are:.
Rock. Forest. Identification.With a base 1.6x magnification, you can increase up to 6.4x with graduated steps of 2x, 3x, and 4x digital zoom to ensure customized field of view. In terms of detection range, you get up to 985 yards with an identification range of 250 yards.The AMOLED display is frost-resistant and will deliver flawless performance through extreme temperatures ranging from -13 deg F to 122 deg F.High-end features yet competitively pricedThe Pulsar Core RXQ30V 1.6-6.4 x 22 can be classed in the best affordable thermal scope category. This is in consideration of the fact that it comes with high-end features that are included in Pulsar’s flagship models.You can take advantage of such features as:. Contrast presets. One-shot zeroing with freeze function. Built-in laser range finder.
Three rifle profiles that allow 3 zero saves. It will hold zero up to 308 recoil. Picture-in-picture zoom. Easy, quick detach mount. An external power supply capability.
No objective focus. No recording feature. Clarity reduces as range extends. Only four hours of internal battery life.Top Brands of Thermal Rifle ScopesWe have already touched on the potential purchase costs involved.
The clear fact is that the high-quality thermal imaging rifle scopes are not the cheapest shooting accessory you will purchase. With this in mind, you should look at purchasing from a trusted and proven manufacturer. Here’s our take on four of the stellar thermal vision scope brands.1.
FLIR (Forward Looking Infrared) SystemsWhile FLIR may not be at the top of every shooter’s list, their thermal imaging prowess cannot be denied.The company has been in existence since the late 1970s. This makes them one of the oldest manufacturers of scopes and associated thermal imaging technologies. Their purchase of Armasight Inc in 2016 shows a consistent and continued commitment to this type of scope technology.FLIR detector technologyIt should also be noted that whichever manufacturer of thermal scope equipment you choose, the unit will utilize and include the FLIR detector technology.When buying a FLIR (or Armasight by FLIR) thermal spotting scope, you are investing in a high-quality piece of kit. To reinforce this point, the majority of thermal optic equipment used by military and law enforcement are made by FLIR. This should tell you that all of their products are made to exacting standards.Thermal spotting scopes are not their primary concern. They are also leaders in the manufacture of other equipment that relies on thermal imaging. This includes such products as Safety equipment, night vision equipment, video analytics, and diagnostic tools.High QualityWhen it comes to thermal imaging, one thing is for sure.
The name ‘FLIR’ is very much associated with technological advancements and high quality in this arena. The best thermal imaging rifle scopes offered by the company come with durability, precision, and reliability. All of which is backed up with solid warranties. ATN – American Technologies NetworkATN are well known for their smart optics range of scopes, and they are also arguably the largest thermal scope producer. Yet another very well-established company with over two decades in the industry, ATN provides a comprehensive range of products for:. Hunters.
Outdoorsmen and women. Military personnel. Law enforcement agencies.Their products are technologically advanced and offer features that are unique to the brand. High-quality resolution screens and superior battery life are two facets that really do appeal to shooters.
It is due to the quality of products offered and innovation in this field that make ATN so popular.Those shooters looking for quality thermal optics as well as digitally enabled night vision equipment will find something to please from the comprehensive ATN product range. TrijiconFounded in 1981, Trijicon has built a very solid and loyal following in the shooting and hunting community. Their mil-spec optical sighting equipment for a range of firearms is seen as being just about indestructible.While they are new to the thermal optics arena, this should not detract from their current limited four model range. These models are designed with civilian shooters in mind and are all built on the same platform. This ensures uniform continuity and consistent thermal optic quality.On the upDue to their very solid industry reputation, many insiders feel that it is only a matter of time before Trijicon expands its thermal imaging portfolio. This will not only be for the civilian market, but also into law enforcement and military establishments.The thermal optic devices Trijicon offers are certainly not the cheapest out there, but robustness, high quality, and longevity of use are guaranteed. PulsarPulsar may well be a younger company than those previously mentioned. This should in no way detract from a progressive, go-ahead company that focuses completely on the civilian market. They have built up a very solid and loyal group of followers in the hunting fraternity.
Proof of this is in the fact that they are classed as a best-selling brand.Shooters into hog and coyote hunting have long used their effective optics. More recently, they are gaining traction with deer hunters.The success of Pulsar has been built on a very good balance of dependability, reliability, and keen pricing. For new entrants into the hi-end thermal imaging rifle scopes world or those who have budget constraints, then the Pulsar range offers excellent quality at sensible pricing. There are certainly other manufacturers out thereWe have limited our take on the most prominent thermal vision scope producers to just four companies. This certainly does not mean they are the only ones in this growing arena.
However, all mentioned have a solid name when it comes to producing the best thermal imaging rifle scopes out there.You should feel safe in the knowledge that the manufacturers named above offer high-quality thermal vision scope models that will not disappoint. A ‘belt and braces’ purchasing approach will do no harmBy all means, check out thermal scope reviews to assess other providers.
Talk to your shooting buddies about their thermal spotting scope views and experience, and where possible, test different models.This belt and braces approach will do far more good than harm. It will allow you to make an informed decision on what is sure to be one of the most expensive firearm accessory purchases you are likely to make. Thermal Scopes Buyer’s GuideAs repeatedly mentioned, significant investment is required to become the proud owner of a thermal scope. This being the case, there are some key pointers to consider before that purchase is made.Here are some important factors that we feel are worthy of consideration. Taking such points into account should go a long way to deciding which style, model, and manufacturer of quality thermal imaging rifle scopes is right for you.Cost – What are you prepared to pay?As with all major shooting purchases, price plays a highly significant part in your decision making. There is a huge difference in prices and functionality. Some thermal scopes are available around the $1,000 mark, top-end scopes can cost as much as $15,000 and some!The most important factors should be the available budget and what you are willing to invest in this type of equipment. You should always spend only what you are comfortable in parting with. In general, the higher the cost, the better quality thermal imaging scope, and the feature-set offered.
But high-end is certainly not for everyone.How will you use it?Also, have a think about how often you will use your thermal spotting scope and under what circumstances. For example, if you regularly go out night hunting (or would like to!), then investing in a higher spec thermal scope could well be worthwhile.Two final things to mention on price:. Purchasing a quality scope should be seen as a long-term investment. This type of scope has been built to perform for many years to come. Due to the relatively high cost of thermal scopes, you will find that finance is available. This will allow you to purchase in installments.Yes, banks will consider loans for this equipment, but various ‘selling’ sites such as Amazon also offer easy installment payment. Thermal Spotting Scope – ResolutionThe better quality resolution of a thermal spotting scope, the crisper and more reliable image you will receive. This makes resolution a highly important factor when looking at thermal imaging riflescopes.A scope that gives excessive pixelation will distort target edges. This means your target image will be less clear or very often blurred.
It can also mean that you miss important elements of the target and surrounding areas you are sighting in on. This makes choosing a thermal scope with high resolution that is within your budget a high priority. Thermal Vision Scope – Refresh RateThe refresh rate represents cycles per second of how often an image is refreshed. The faster the refresh rate, the more lifelike the image you are targeting appears. Higher refresh rates also mean you will benefit from clearer images of moving targets. The majority of thermal vision scope models available today come with refresh rates of between 30 to 60Hz.Choose a thermal imaging scope in your chosen price bracket that sits between these two refresh rates.A tip here:If your style of encounter is mostly with static or slower moving targets, many find the lower end of the refresh rates mentioned are more than sufficient.
This means going right up to 60Hz is not so important. However, if you regularly hunt targets that move at quite a rapid pace, a higher resolution will be preferable.For those hunters who want to accurately acquire a target while stationed in the bed of a moving truck, they should go for higher resolution (50-60Hz) as it is felt that there is too much lag when viewed at 30Hz. Zoom – Three types to choose fromThe zoom feature of a thermal spotting scope goes hand-in-glove with resolution. You have three types to consider:. Optical zoom – This allows the shooter to increase the magnification of their target without the loss of too much resolution.
Digital zoom – This type of zoom uses software to ‘bring’ your target closer. Without utilizing other technology, you should be aware that zooming too far with a digital zoom will lower resolution. Optical/Digital zoom combination – By choosing this combined zoom, you are getting the best of both worlds.
It means you can take advantage of the extended zoom feature of a digital zoom and the enhanced image quality of an optical zoom.Reticle ChoiceThis one is quite subjective. Reticles work by helping the shooter to accurately acquire their target.Are you a shooter who is used to using a particular type of reticle? Or, do you have a preferred reticle choice? If so, there is no reason not to stick with that reticle type when purchasing a thermal spotting scope. This should make things easier when thermal scope spec. Comparisons are being made.
It will allow you to quickly concentrate on the thermal scope models that have the reticle type you prefer.Are you a shooter that is fairly new to reticle use? Or are you still undecided which suits you best?
In either case, research and testing will serve you well.Thermal scope manufacturers offer a wide choice of reticles dependent upon the model chosen. You will find some models that have no reticle, some that come with very fine reticles, others that give thicker lines.Why only have one?However, there is a ‘failsafe’ method of ensuring you get the reticle that best suits you. Go for a model that offers multiple reticle choices. You can then major on the reticle, which best suits your style, or practice to become proficient with others.
Battery Life – Don’t Limit YourselfThermal spotting scopes rely on batteries for power. Different types of batteries have different usage times. This means you should choose a battery with as long a battery life as you feel will be needed.Some have a life of just 4 hours.
Is this enough for a long day or night hunting expedition?Probably not, but using it occasionally from a permanent base with a power supply (home defense) may meet your needs. There are various thermal scope models that utilize battery power which will last upwards of 18 hours plus. Therefore base your battery choice on how you envisage use and the length of time you will be out and about.As a very loose average, finding a thermal imaging scope that lasts around 8 hours from full charge should see you fine.Another function that may be worthy of consideration are scopes which go into auto-sleep mode when not in use. This will not only save battery life.
It will mean you do not have to worry too much about switching your scope on and off regularly. What’s your viewing preference – Color or MonochromeThis point is particularly important if you are looking to keep purchase costs down. Thermal imaging does not have to be like the movies (they have bigger budgets than we shooters!). Yes, you can receive thermal scopes that present images in a whole array of colors. Think bright oranges, yellows, and reds, but do remember it is not the only choice.Paying less will see you get images in monochrome, but these come with excellent gradation levels. Using a monochrome thermal scope means that warm targets simply become brighter on the grayscale. You can rest assured that these images will still stand out extremely well from their cooler surroundings.
How Does Thermal Imaging Work?Let’s take a brief look at the ‘magic’ that makes thermal imaging work.Thermal Vision TechnologyRadiation emitted from a target is the method thermal vision technology is based around. It does not need any light source whatsoever. This technology works on the premise that all humans/animals naturally emit infrared energy as a heat source.Thermal vision scopes use a special lens that focuses on infrared light that is emitted from any ‘object’ in its line of sight. A phased array is also a part of the infrared detector. This scans the focused light from multiple points in a field of view, and the detector then creates an extremely detailed thermogram. A thermogram is a very detailed temperature pattern that is created in a fraction of a second.The detector created thermogram is then translated into a variety of electric impulses. These impulses are then sent to a signal processing unit. This unit is generally a dedicated chip on a circuit board that then translates received data onto the thermal vision equipment display for viewing in various different colors.Crystal clearColoration intensity is dependent upon the infrared heat being emitted from the objects in the field of view. These images are so clear that it enables the spotter to understand what their target is sheltering or hiding under.
I.e., under a bush or in brush.Thermal imaging technology is resistant to most external factors, such as inclement weather or poor light. Therefore whether you are using a thermal spotting scope in the brightest of weather, noonday sun, for example, or at the dead of night in complete darkness, thermal vision technology still works. Thermal vs Night VisionFirst off, it is important to understand that Thermal and Night Vision technologies are different. For many shooters, it is easy to confuse thermal optics and night vision technologies. But it must be made clear that these are not one and the same thing.We have explained above how thermal imaging scopes work. Here’s how night vision technology works. From this comparison, you should see that thermal imaging scopes offer far more than night vision optics. Night Vision TechnologyNight vision technology works from reflected light. So, from a traditional night vision optic, the light received is sourced from a visible spectrum such as the moon.Opting to use a digital night vision device means the technology employed is closer to thermal imaging.
Infrared signature, as used by defense scientists and the military, is the appearance of objects to infrared sensors. An infrared signature depends on many factors, including the shape and size of the object,[1]temperature,[2] and emissivity, reflection of external sources (earthshine, sunshine, skyshine) from the object's surface,[3] the background against which it is viewed[4] and the waveband of the detecting sensor. As such there is no all-encompassing definition of infrared signature nor any trivial means of measuring it. For example, the infrared signature of a truck viewed against a field will vary significantly with changing weather, time of day and engine loading.
Two fairly successful examples of defining the infrared signature of an object are the apparent temperature difference at the sensor and the contrast radiant intensity (CRI) definitions.
Apparent temperature difference[edit]
The apparent temperature difference method of defining infrared signature gives the physical temperature difference (e.g. in kelvins) between the object of interest and the immediate background if the recorded radiance values had been measured from perfect blackbody sources. Problems with this method include differences in radiance across the object or the immediate background and the finite size of the detector's pixels. The value is a complex function of range, time, aspect, etc.
Contrast radiant intensity[edit]
The contrast radiant intensity method of defining infrared signature is to take the difference in average radiance of the object and that of the immediate background and multiply this by the projected area of the object. Again the CRI value will depend on many factors.
Commercial software[edit]
In the design phase, it is often desirable to employ a computer to predict what the infrared signature will be before fabricating an actual object. Many iterations of this prediction process can be performed in a short time at low cost, whereas use of a measurement range is often time-consuming, expensive and error-prone.
A number of software houses have built infrared signature prediction software packages. These generally require a CAD model of interest plus a large set of parameters to describe a specific thermal environment and the internal temperatures of the platform and thermal properties of the construction materials. The software then solves a set of thermal equations across the boundaries and for electromagnetic propagation in a specified infrared waveband. The primary output is a measure of infrared signature, though usually surface temperatures can be given (since this usually has to be calculated to obtain the infrared signature prediction) and also visual representations of how the scene may appear to various imaging infrared detectors.
Infrared signature prediction models are very difficult to validate except for simple cases because of the difficulty in modelling a complex environment. Both sensitivity analysis of this type of software and experimental measurements has shown that small variations in weather can have a significant impact on the results. As such, there are limitations on what can be achieved from modelling the infrared problem, and sometimes experimentation is necessary to achieve accurate knowledge of the nature of an object's physical existence in the infrared wavebands.
Infrared stealth[edit]
Infrared stealth is an area of stealth technology aimed at reducing infrared signatures.[5] This reduces a platform's susceptibility to infrared guided weapons and infrared surveillance sensors,[6] and thus increases the platform's overall survivability. Infrared stealth is particularly applicable to military jets because of the detectable engines[7] and plumes[8] from non-stealth aircraft, but it also applies to military helicopters,[9] warships, land vehicles and dismounted soldiers.
A military aim in studying infrared signatures is to understand the likely infrared signature of threats (and develop the equipment required to detect them) and to reduce the infrared signature of their own assets to threat sensors. In practice this might mean equipping a warship with sensors to detect the exhaust plumes of incoming anti-ship missiles while also having an infrared signature below the detection threshold of the infrared sensor guiding the missile.
An exhaust plume contributes a significant infrared signature. One means to reduce IR signature is to have a non-circular tail pipe (a slit shape) to minimize the exhaust cross-sectional volume and maximize the mixing of hot exhaust with cool ambient air (see Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk). Often, cool air is deliberately injected into the exhaust flow to boost this process (see Ryan AQM-91 Firefly and Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit). Sometimes, the jet exhaust is vented above the wing surface to shield it from observers below, as in the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk, and the unstealthy Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II. To achieve infrared stealth, the exhaust gas is cooled to the temperatures where the brightest wavelengths it radiates are absorbed by atmospheric carbon dioxide and water vapor, dramatically reducing the infrared visibility of the exhaust plume.[10] Another way to reduce the exhaust temperature is to circulate coolant fluids such as fuel inside the exhaust pipe, where the fuel tanks serve as heat sinks cooled by the flow of air along the wings.[citation needed]
Ground combat includes the use of both active and passive infrared sensors and so the USMC ground combat uniform requirements document specifies infrared reflective quality standards.[11]
References[edit]
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Potnuru, S.K., & Kolhe, P.S.: (2007) 'Analytical estimation of solid angle subtended by complex well-resolved surfaces for infrared detection studies', Applied Optics, v. 46(22), pp. 4991-4998.
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Sane, S.K., Gaitonde, U.N., & Marathe A.G.: (2001) 'Numerical studies of infrared signature levels of complete aircraft', Aeronautical Journal, v. 105(1046), pp. 185-192.
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Potnuru, S.K., & Rao, G.A.: (2009) Study of sunshine, skyshine, and earthshine for aircraft infrared detection, Journal of Optics A: Pure & Applied Optics, v. 11(4), no. 045703.
- ^Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P.: (2005) 'Effect of atmospheric transmission and radiance on aircraft infrared signatures', AIAA Journal of Aircraft, v. 42(4), pp. 1046-1054.
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Sonawane, H.R., & Rao, G.A.: (2007) 'Infrared signature studies of aerospace vehicles', Progress in Aerospace Sciences, v. 43(7-8), pp. 218-245.
- ^Rao, G.A., & Mahulikar, S.P.: (2005) 'New criterion for aircraft susceptibility to infrared homing missiles', Aerospace Science & Technology, v. 9(8), pp. 701-712.
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Kolhe, P.S., & Rao, G.A.: (2005) 'Skin temperature prediction of aircraft rear fuselage with multi-mode thermal model', AIAA Journal of Thermophysics & Heat Transfer, v. 19(1), pp. 114-124.
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Rao, G.A., Sane, S.K., & Marathe, A.G.: (2005) 'Aircraft plume infrared signature in nonafterburning mode', AIAA Journal of Thermophysics & Heat Transfer, v. 19(3), pp. 413-415.
- ^Mahulikar, S.P., Prasad, H.S.S., & Potnuru, S.K.: (2008) 'Infrared signature suppression of helicopter engine duct based on `conceal and camouflage`', AIAA Journal of Propulsion & Power, v. 24(3), pp. 613-618.
- ^[1] Optical Warfare - The New Frontier
- ^GAO-10-669R Warfighter Support
See also[edit]
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